水泥穩(wěn)定材料（cement stabilized material）是以水泥為結(jié)合料，通過(guò)加水與穩(wěn)定材料共同拌和形成的混合料。包括水泥穩(wěn)定級(jí)配碎石、水泥穩(wěn)定級(jí)配礫石、水泥穩(wěn)定石屑、水泥穩(wěn)定土、水泥穩(wěn)定砂等。將此混合物經(jīng)攤鋪、碾壓和養(yǎng)生后，可作為路面的基層或底基層。水泥穩(wěn)定碎石，是將水泥、級(jí)配碎石、石屑和水按一定比例混合攪拌，攤鋪碾壓后形成的一種半剛性結(jié)構(gòu)層，在壓實(shí)和養(yǎng)生后，其無(wú)側(cè)限抗壓強(qiáng)度符合規(guī)定的要求。

　　Cement stabilized material is a mixture formed by mixing cement as a binder and stabilizing material with water. Including cement stabilized graded crushed stone, cement stabilized graded gravel, cement stabilized stone chips, cement stabilized soil, cement stabilized sand, etc. After paving, rolling, and curing, this mixture can be used as the base or sub base of the road surface. Cement stabilized crushed stone is a semi-rigid structural layer formed by mixing cement, graded crushed stone, stone chips, and water in a certain proportion, paving and rolling. After compaction and curing, its unconfined compressive strength meets the specified requirements.

　　水泥穩(wěn)定碎石作為路面基層材料具有良好的力學(xué)性能和整體性、穩(wěn)定性、耐久性、抗凍性以及與面層能夠很好地結(jié)合的技術(shù)特點(diǎn)，在公路路面基層或底基層得到廣泛的應(yīng)用。為了充分發(fā)揮其優(yōu)良的材料功能特點(diǎn)，必須切實(shí)做好水泥穩(wěn)定碎石的施工工藝和管理各項(xiàng)要求，控制好整個(gè)施工管理的各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)，達(dá)到規(guī)范規(guī)定的各項(xiàng)質(zhì)量要求。

　　Cement stabilized crushed stone, as a pavement base material, has good mechanical properties, integrity, stability, durability, frost resistance, and technical characteristics that can be well combined with the surface layer. It has been widely used in highway pavement base or subbase. In order to fully utilize its excellent material functional characteristics, it is necessary to effectively carry out the construction process and management requirements of cement stabilized crushed stone, control all aspects of the entire construction management, and meet the quality requirements specified in the specifications.

　　1 水泥穩(wěn)定碎石作用原理水泥穩(wěn)定碎石是以級(jí)配碎石作為集料，原材料質(zhì)量控制要求水泥、集料的相關(guān)參數(shù)要達(dá)到規(guī)范要求，采用一定數(shù)量的膠凝材料和足夠的灰漿體積填充骨料的空隙，按嵌擠原理攤鋪壓實(shí)。其壓實(shí)度接近于密實(shí)度，強(qiáng)度主要靠碎石間的嵌擠鎖結(jié)原理，同時(shí)有足夠的灰漿體積來(lái)填充骨料的空隙。它的初期強(qiáng)度高，并且強(qiáng)度隨齡期而增加很快結(jié)成板體，因而具有較高的強(qiáng)度、抗?jié)B度和抗凍性較好?；旌狭系慕M成設(shè)計(jì)按照水泥穩(wěn)定粒料保濕養(yǎng)生6d、浸水1d無(wú)側(cè)限抗壓強(qiáng)度3～5MPa的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，確定水泥劑量和混合料的最佳含水量。

　　The principle of cement stabilized crushed stone is to use graded crushed stone as aggregate, and the quality control of raw materials requires that the relevant parameters of cement and aggregate meet the specification requirements. A certain amount of cementitious material and sufficient mortar volume are used to fill the gaps of the aggregate, and it is spread and compacted according to the principle of interlocking. Its compaction degree is close to that of compactness, and its strength mainly relies on the interlocking principle between crushed stones, while having sufficient mortar volume to fill the voids of the aggregate. Its initial strength is high, and its strength increases rapidly with age to form a board, thus it has high strength, good impermeability, and frost resistance. The composition design of the mixture is based on the standard of 3-5MPa unconfined compressive strength after 6 days of moisture retention and 1 day of immersion of cement stabilized aggregates, and the optimal cement dosage and moisture content of the mixture are determined.

　　水泥用量一般為混合料3%～6%，7d的無(wú)側(cè)限抗壓強(qiáng)度控制以5MPa為宜，實(shí)際配合比控制強(qiáng)度為4～4.5MPa，較其他路基材料高。水泥穩(wěn)定碎石成活后遇雨不泥濘，表面堅(jiān)實(shí)，是高級(jí)路面的理想基層材料。

　　The cement dosage is generally 3% to 6% of the mixture, and the unconfined compressive strength for 7 days should be controlled at 5MPa. The actual mix ratio control strength is 4 to 4.5MPa, which is higher than other roadbed materials. Cement stabilized crushed stone, after survival, does not become muddy in the rain and has a solid surface, making it an ideal base material for high-grade road surfaces.

　　2 材料的質(zhì)量控制

　　Quality control of materials

　　2.1 水泥（1）水泥作為結(jié)合料的一種穩(wěn)定劑，其質(zhì)量控制是很重要的。可采用普通硅酸鹽水泥、礦渣硅酸鹽水泥、火山灰質(zhì)硅酸鹽水泥，強(qiáng)度等級(jí)為32.5或42.5。為使水泥穩(wěn)定碎石有足夠的時(shí)間進(jìn)行拌和、運(yùn)輸、攤鋪、碾壓以及保證其具有足夠的強(qiáng)度，不應(yīng)使用快凝水泥、早強(qiáng)水泥以及受潮變質(zhì)水泥。

　　2.1 Cement (1) As a stabilizer for binders, quality control of cement is crucial. Ordinary Portland cement, slag Portland cement, and volcanic ash Portland cement can be used, with a strength grade of 32.5 or 42.5. In order to allow sufficient time for mixing, transportation, paving, rolling, and ensuring sufficient strength of cement stabilized crushed stone, fast setting cement, early strength cement, and moisture damaged cement should not be used.

　　（2）所用水泥初凝時(shí)間應(yīng)大于3h，終凝時(shí)間應(yīng)大于6h且小于10h。

　　(2) The initial setting time of the cement used should be greater than 3 hours, and the final setting time should be greater than 6 hours and less than 10 hours.

　　（3）采用散裝水泥，在水泥進(jìn)場(chǎng)入罐后要停放7天，安定性合格后才能使用；夏季高溫作業(yè)時(shí)，水泥入罐溫度不能高于50℃，否則，應(yīng)采用降溫措施。

　　(3) Bulk cement is used, and it must be stored for 7 days after entering the tank. It can only be used after its stability is qualified; During high-temperature operations in summer, the temperature of cement entering the tank should not exceed 50 ℃, otherwise cooling measures should be taken.

　　2.2 粗集料（1）碎石的最大粒徑一般為31.5mm，宜按粒徑19～31.5mm、9.5～19mm、4.75～9.5mm和0～4.75mm四種規(guī)格備料。建議采用堅(jiān)硬、潔凈、無(wú)雜質(zhì)的玄武巖、石灰?guī)r或輝綠巖。（2）石子壓碎值、針片狀顆粒含量、0.075mm以下粉塵含量、軟石含量均應(yīng)符合規(guī)范要求。2.3 細(xì)集料（1）細(xì)集料應(yīng)潔凈、干燥、無(wú)風(fēng)化、無(wú)雜質(zhì)，并有適當(dāng)?shù)募?jí)配。（2）細(xì)集料砂當(dāng)量≥50%。實(shí)踐證明，利用級(jí)配良好的碎石拌和的基層混合料強(qiáng)度高、穩(wěn)定性好。

　　2.2 Coarse aggregate (1) The maximum particle size of crushed stone is generally 31.5mm, and it is recommended to prepare materials in four specifications: 19-31.5mm, 9.5-19mm, 4.75-9.5mm, and 0-4.75mm. It is recommended to use hard, clean, and impurity free basalt, limestone, or diabase. (2) The crushing value of stones, the content of needle shaped particles, the content of dust below 0.075mm, and the content of soft stones should all meet the requirements of the specifications. 2.3 Fine aggregate (1) Fine aggregate should be clean, dry, free from weathering, impurities, and have appropriate gradation. (2) Fine aggregate sand equivalent ≥ 50%. Practice has proven that the base mixture mixed with well graded crushed stones has high strength and good stability.

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